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Ashrama (stage)
An ''Ashrama'' (''āśrama'') in Hinduism is one of four age-based life stages discussed in ancient and medieval era Indian texts.〔Patrick Olivelle (1993), The Ashrama System: The History and Hermeneutics of a Religious Institution, Oxford University Press, , pages 1-29, 84-111〕 The four asramas are: Brahmacharya (student), Grihastha (householder), Vanaprastha (retired) and Sannyasa (renunciation).〔
The Ashramas system is one facet of the Dharma concept in Hinduism.〔 It is also a component of the ethical theories in Indian philosophy, where it is combined with four proper goals of human life (Purusartha), for fulfillment, happiness and spiritual liberation.〔
==The Ashram system==
Under the Ashram system, the human life was divided into four periods.〔Chakkarath, Pradeep (2005), p. 39〕〔Rama, p. 467.〕 The goal of each period was the fulfillment and development of the individual. While some Indian texts present these as sequential stages of human life and recommend age when one enters each stage, many texts state the Ashramas as four alternative ways of life and options available, but not as sequential stage that any individual must follow, nor do they place any age limits.〔〔Barbara Holdrege (2004), Dharma, in The Hindu World (Editors: Sushil Mittal and Gene Thursby), Routledge, ISBN 0–415–21527–7, page 231〕
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